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The purpose of this project is to develop a method for monitoring, evaluating the status of a tumor undergoing radiation treatment and transmit the radiation dose received by the tumor in real-time to an external data acquisition unit and evaluate the treatment strategy. The target system to be designed would consist of a miniature wireless sensor module which would be implanted in the region of interest and this unit transmits the data to an external receiver wirelessly. The Modern fabrication process allows us to fabricate CMOS circuits in nanometer range which is highly desirable when used in radiation sensing scheme where size is the main constraint. The heart of the sensing system is a MOS transistor device. The electrical properties of the MOS device (drain to source resistance, threshold voltage) change when exposed to gamma radiation. The objective of this project is to evaluate the MOS transistor parameters change with radiation dose, study the effects with varying transistor widths, lengths and propose the ideal characteristics of the CMOS device. The scheme of the radiation measurement is presented. Some of the questions that will be addressed in this report are – The effect of radiation on channel resistance during&after radiation, temperature dependency of the radiation effects. The complete characterization of the sensor is performed and the results are produced and cross checked with device physics. The characterized CMOS transistor is exposed to radiation and the radiation dosage received by the transistor is sent to a RFID receiver using radio frequency communication. The signal at the RFID receiver is filtered and the actual radiation dosage was determined from the filtered output’s duty cycle. A novel approach is used in determining the radiation measurement in this study.

Design of an In-Vivo Radiation Measurement Scheme Using a Reliable Wireless Detector - Design/Implementation

Narayana Rao Vedula, Shivaranjan Vadlapudi

(narayanarao.v@gmail.com, shivaranjanv@gmail.com)

University of Minnesota- Twin cities

3. 1 Radiation Effect on MOSFET

A metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) operation is based on the control of charge concentration using MOS capacitance between a body electrode and a gate electrode located above the body and insulated from all other device regions by an oxide. The MOSFET terminals consist of a drain, source, gate and body. The drain and the source terminals are connected to individual highly doped regions that are separated by the body region. The NMOS source and drain regions are 'n+' regions and the body is a 'p' region. The PMOS source and drain regions are 'p+' regions and the body is a 'n' region. The basic structure of a NMOS device is shown in Fig.1.

The device operates is three regions of operation as shown in Fig. 2

  • Cut-off (Vgs<Vth)

When the gate to source voltage of the transistor is below the threshold voltage of the device, the conduction layer below the gate is not formed as a result there is no conduction in this region ideally. In reality there is a small leakage current through the device. Fig. 1

Questions & Answers

what does the ideal gas law states
Joy Reply
Three charges q_{1}=+3\mu C, q_{2}=+6\mu C and q_{3}=+8\mu C are located at (2,0)m (0,0)m and (0,3) coordinates respectively. Find the magnitude and direction acted upon q_{2} by the two other charges.Draw the correct graphical illustration of the problem above showing the direction of all forces.
Kate Reply
To solve this problem, we need to first find the net force acting on charge q_{2}. The magnitude of the force exerted by q_{1} on q_{2} is given by F=\frac{kq_{1}q_{2}}{r^{2}} where k is the Coulomb constant, q_{1} and q_{2} are the charges of the particles, and r is the distance between them.
Muhammed
What is the direction and net electric force on q_{1}= 5µC located at (0,4)r due to charges q_{2}=7mu located at (0,0)m and q_{3}=3\mu C located at (4,0)m?
Kate Reply
what is the change in momentum of a body?
Eunice Reply
what is a capacitor?
Raymond Reply
Capacitor is a separation of opposite charges using an insulator of very small dimension between them. Capacitor is used for allowing an AC (alternating current) to pass while a DC (direct current) is blocked.
Gautam
A motor travelling at 72km/m on sighting a stop sign applying the breaks such that under constant deaccelerate in the meters of 50 metres what is the magnitude of the accelerate
Maria Reply
please solve
Sharon
8m/s²
Aishat
What is Thermodynamics
Muordit
velocity can be 72 km/h in question. 72 km/h=20 m/s, v^2=2.a.x , 20^2=2.a.50, a=4 m/s^2.
Mehmet
A boat travels due east at a speed of 40meter per seconds across a river flowing due south at 30meter per seconds. what is the resultant speed of the boat
Saheed Reply
50 m/s due south east
Someone
which has a higher temperature, 1cup of boiling water or 1teapot of boiling water which can transfer more heat 1cup of boiling water or 1 teapot of boiling water explain your . answer
Ramon Reply
I believe temperature being an intensive property does not change for any amount of boiling water whereas heat being an extensive property changes with amount/size of the system.
Someone
Scratch that
Someone
temperature for any amount of water to boil at ntp is 100⁰C (it is a state function and and intensive property) and it depends both will give same amount of heat because the surface available for heat transfer is greater in case of the kettle as well as the heat stored in it but if you talk.....
Someone
about the amount of heat stored in the system then in that case since the mass of water in the kettle is greater so more energy is required to raise the temperature b/c more molecules of water are present in the kettle
Someone
definitely of physics
Haryormhidey Reply
how many start and codon
Esrael Reply
what is field
Felix Reply
physics, biology and chemistry this is my Field
ALIYU
field is a region of space under the influence of some physical properties
Collete
what is ogarnic chemistry
WISDOM Reply
determine the slope giving that 3y+ 2x-14=0
WISDOM
Another formula for Acceleration
Belty Reply
a=v/t. a=f/m a
IHUMA
innocent
Adah
pratica A on solution of hydro chloric acid,B is a solution containing 0.5000 mole ofsodium chlorid per dm³,put A in the burret and titrate 20.00 or 25.00cm³ portion of B using melting orange as the indicator. record the deside of your burret tabulate the burret reading and calculate the average volume of acid used?
Nassze Reply
how do lnternal energy measures
Esrael
Two bodies attract each other electrically. Do they both have to be charged? Answer the same question if the bodies repel one another.
JALLAH Reply
No. According to Isac Newtons law. this two bodies maybe you and the wall beside you. Attracting depends on the mass och each body and distance between them.
Dlovan
Are you really asking if two bodies have to be charged to be influenced by Coulombs Law?
Robert
like charges repel while unlike charges atttact
Raymond
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Source:  OpenStax, Design of an in-vivo radiation measurement scheme using a reliable wireless detector. OpenStax CNX. Jan 16, 2008 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col10508/1.1
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