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2.2.4 processing the results of the transform

Often, multiple (r, a, b) within a cluster will be local maximums, and often, we'll also detect false positives. We do some processing to average clusters and remove false positives.

  1. Find clusters of circles, where a cluster is defined as circles with centers a within distance of l away from each other.
  2. Average the center and radius of circles in a cluster to create a new circle. Each circle in a cluster contributes its own center and radius weighted by the number of votes it received squared.
  3. Remove any clusters with less than a threshold number of circles

Code

def reduce_circles(circle_indices, distMin, param_votes): """Helper function for hough_circle Averages clusters of circles:param circle_indices: numpy array of circles detected. Stored as a = [[radii], [rows], [cols]] wherea[0][i]is the radius of the ith circle a[1][i] is the row where the center of the ith circle is locateda[2][i]is the col where the center of the ith circle is located :param distMin: int, minimum distance between circles detected. (The function averages circles clustered withina distMin x distMin square) :param votesMin: int, minimum threshold for accumulator value. The higher this value is,the less false circles detected :return: numpy array of circles""" rad_indices = circle_indices[0]r_indices = circle_indices[1] c_indices = circle_indices[2]print rad_indices print r_indicesprint c_indices total_circles = len(rad_indices)print "total circles ", total_circles new_circle_indices = [[],[],[]]radtemp = 0 # accumulator value for radii rtemp = 0 # accumulator value for rowsctemp = 0 # accumulator value for columns weightcount = 0 # accumulator value for weight of each circle.# A proposed circle with n votes contributes n^2 weight count = 0 # total number of circles detected in a cluster.minThresh = total_circles / 5 # Each cluster has a count that records number of circles in that cluster. # If count is below minThresh, the cluster is disregarded as a false positive.# Remove an (radius, center) once it's been determined part of a cluster. Iterate until no more proposed circles to # iterate through. Iterate backwards so deleting things doesn't mess up indexing.while np.size(rad_indices)!= 0: # get centerr0 = r_indices[0] c0 = c_indices[0]for i in reversed(range(0, total_circles)): # If iterate through all other proposed circles, and find ones with center within a# distMin x distMin square. if abs(r0 - r_indices[i])<distMin and abs(c0 - c_indices[i]<distMin): # (radius, center) values of proposed circle wwe've iterated torad = rad_indices[i] r = r_indices[i]c = c_indices[i] # increase accumulator values, weighted by weightweight = param_votes[rad][r][c]*param_votes[rad][r][c]radtemp += rad * weight rtemp += r * weightctemp += c * weight # delete proposed circle from rad_indicesrad_indices = np.delete(rad_indices, i) r_indices = np.delete(r_indices, i)c_indices = np.delete(c_indices, i) weightcount += weightcount += 1 total_circles = len(rad_indices)# if more circles in cluster than minThresh, average the radii and center values to combine the cluster into # one circleif count>= minThresh: new_circle_indices[0].append(radtemp / weightcount) new_circle_indices[1].append(rtemp / weightcount) new_circle_indices[2].append(ctemp /weightcount) # Optional code. If you know you won't have circles within circles, uncomment this code.# This removes circles with centers inside of other circles. # for i in reversed(range(0, total_circles)):# if abs(rtemp / weightcount - r_indices[i])<radtemp / weightcount and abs(ctemp /weightcount - c_indices[i])<radtemp / weightcount: # rad_indices = np.delete(rad_indices, i)# r_indices = np.delete(r_indices, i) # c_indices = np.delete(c_indices, i)# total_circles = len(rad_indices) # reset accumulators to 0 for the next clusterradtemp = 0 rtemp = 0ctemp = 0 count = 0weightcount = 0 return np.array(new_circle_indices)

Questions & Answers

A golfer on a fairway is 70 m away from the green, which sits below the level of the fairway by 20 m. If the golfer hits the ball at an angle of 40° with an initial speed of 20 m/s, how close to the green does she come?
Aislinn Reply
cm
tijani
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John Reply
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Siyaka Reply
A mouse of mass 200 g falls 100 m down a vertical mine shaft and lands at the bottom with a speed of 8.0 m/s. During its fall, how much work is done on the mouse by air resistance
Jude Reply
Can you compute that for me. Ty
Jude
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David
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Youesf Reply
what is inorganic
emma
Chemistry is a branch of science that deals with the study of matter,it composition,it structure and the changes it undergoes
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Pedro
A ball is thrown straight up.it passes a 2.0m high window 7.50 m off the ground on it path up and takes 1.30 s to go past the window.what was the ball initial velocity
Krampah Reply
2. A sled plus passenger with total mass 50 kg is pulled 20 m across the snow (0.20) at constant velocity by a force directed 25° above the horizontal. Calculate (a) the work of the applied force, (b) the work of friction, and (c) the total work.
Sahid Reply
you have been hired as an espert witness in a court case involving an automobile accident. the accident involved car A of mass 1500kg which crashed into stationary car B of mass 1100kg. the driver of car A applied his brakes 15 m before he skidded and crashed into car B. after the collision, car A s
Samuel Reply
can someone explain to me, an ignorant high school student, why the trend of the graph doesn't follow the fact that the higher frequency a sound wave is, the more power it is, hence, making me think the phons output would follow this general trend?
Joseph Reply
Nevermind i just realied that the graph is the phons output for a person with normal hearing and not just the phons output of the sound waves power, I should read the entire thing next time
Joseph
Follow up question, does anyone know where I can find a graph that accuretly depicts the actual relative "power" output of sound over its frequency instead of just humans hearing
Joseph
"Generation of electrical energy from sound energy | IEEE Conference Publication | IEEE Xplore" ***ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7150687?reload=true
Ryan
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Maurice Reply
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Maurice
answer
Magreth
progressive wave
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Mujahid
A string is 3.00 m long with a mass of 5.00 g. The string is held taut with a tension of 500.00 N applied to the string. A pulse is sent down the string. How long does it take the pulse to travel the 3.00 m of the string?
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Source:  OpenStax, Hough transform object detection. OpenStax CNX. Dec 16, 2015 Download for free at http://legacy.cnx.org/content/col11937/1.1
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