1.1 An introduction to the human body Read Online
1.2 The chemical level of organization Read Online
After studying this chapter, you will be able to:
Though you may approach a course in anatomy and physiology strictly as a requirement for your field of study, the knowledge you gain in this course will serve you well in many aspects of your life. An understanding of anatomy and physiology is not only fundamental to any career in the health professions, but it can also benefit your own health. Familiarity with the human body can help you make healthful choices and prompt you to take appropriate action when signs of illness arise. Your knowledge in this field will help you understand news about nutrition, medications, medical devices, and procedures and help you understand genetic or infectious diseases. At some point, everyone will have a problem with some aspect of his or her body and your knowledge can help you to be a better parent, spouse, partner, friend, colleague, or caregiver.
This chapter begins with an overview of anatomy and physiology and a preview of the body regions and functions. It then covers the characteristics of life and how the body works to maintain stable conditions. It introduces a set of standard terms for body structures and for planes and positions in the body that will serve as a foundation for more comprehensive information covered later in the text. It ends with examples of medical imaging used to see inside the living body.
Question: When percussing the thorax and lungs, a dull sound indicates:
Choices:
an air-filled structure
a bony structure
emphysema
fluid or a solid mass
Question: As part of the assessment of cranial nerves, the nurse asks the patient to raise the eyebrows, smile, and show the teeth. These actions provide information about which cranial nerve?
Choices:
olfactory
optic
facial
vagus
Question: The leading cause of cognitive impairment in old age is:
Choices:
Stroke
Malnutrition
Alzheimer's disease
Loss of cardiac reserve
Question: With aging, blood pressure is often higher due to:
Choices:
loss of muscle mass
changes in exercise and diet
decreased peripheral resistance
decreased elasticity in arterial walls
Question: When monitoring laboratory test results for patients receiving loop and thiazide diuretics, the nurse knows to look for:
Choices:
Decreased serum levels of potassium
Increase serum levels of calcium
Decreased serum levels of glucose
Increased serum levels of sodium
Question: Which statement needs to be included when the nurse provides patient education for a patient with heart failure who is taking a daily dose of spironolactone (Aldactone)?
Choices:
"Be sure to eat foods that are high in potassium"
"Avoid foods that are high in potassium"
"Avoid grapefruit juice while taking this medication"
" A low-fiber diet will help prevent adverse effects of this medication"
Question: When helping Mr. Jones turn in bed, the nurse notices that his heels are reddened and places him on precautions for skin breakdown. This is an example of:
Choices:
Initial planning
Standardized planning
Ongoing planning
Discharge planning
Question: While taking an adult patient's pulse, a student finds the rate to be 140 beats/min. What should the student do next?
Choices:
check the pulse again in 2 hours
check the blood pressure
record the information
report the rate
Question: Mr. Jones has had a surgical procedure that necessitated a thoracic incision. You anticipate that he will have a higher risk for postoperative complications involving which body system?
Choices:
respiratory system
circulatory system
digestive system
nervous system
Question: Your patient has developed a low-grade fever and states that they feel very tired lately. This phase of an infection is known as the:
Choices:
incubation period
prodromal stage
full stage of illness
convalescent period
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