<< Chapter < Page Chapter >> Page >

'n Illustrasie van hoe 'n steekproef uit die bevolking gekies word

Om resultate te verkry wat verteenwoordigend is, is die van kritieke belang om 'n verteenwoordigende steekproef te kry. Byvoorbeeld, as ons wou bepaal hoe groepsdruk die besluit om te begin rook, beïnvloed - dan sou die resultate baie anders gewees het as slegs seuns ondervra is, in vergelyking met 'n studie waar onderhoude met beide seuns en meisies gevoer is.

Daarom moet vrae soos: "Hoeveel onderhoude word benodig?" en "Hoe kies ons kandidate vir onderhoude?" tydens die ontwerpfase van die steekproefproses gevra word.

Die mees akkurate resultate word verkry indien die hele bevolking gebruik word as steekproef vir 'n opname, maar dit kan baie duur wees en/of baie lank neem. Die tweede beste metode is om 'n steekproef ewekansig te kies. Dit beteken dat elke lid van die bevolking 'n gelyke kans het om geselekteer te word, onafhanklik van hoe die lede gekies word. Daar is verskeie metodes om lede op hierdie manier te kies, byvoorbeeld, name kan uit 'n hoed getrek word. Meeste moderne wetenskaplike sakrekenaars het 'n sleutel wat mens kan druk om ewekansige getalle te genereer wat mens kan gebruik om 'n steekproef te kies. Sigbladpakkette op 'n rekenaar het ook gewoonlik so 'n funksie.

So, as jy byvoorbeeld 'n bevolking van 1 000 leerders in jou skool het, kan jy moontlik 100 leerders ewekansig kies en dit sal dan die steekproef wees wat jy vir die opname gebruik.

Voorbeelde van datastelle

Die res van hierdie hoofstuk handel oor die wiskundige besonderhede wat nodig is om data wat versamel is, te analiseer.

Hier volg nou 'n paar voorbeelde van datastelle wat gebruik kan word om die metodes wat toegepas word, te verduidelik.

Datastel 1: gooi van 'n muntstuk

'n Ewekansige muntstuk is 100 keer gegooi en die kant waarop die muntstuk land, is opgeneem (kop of stert). Die data is opgeneem in "Datastel 1: Gooi van 'n muntstuk" .

Resultate wanneer 'n ewekansige muntstuk 100 keer gegooi word. K beteken dat die muntstuk met sy kop na bo geland het terwyl S beteken dat die muntstuk met sy stert na bo geland het.
K S S K K S K K K K
K K K K S K K S S S
S S K S S K S K S K
K K S S K S S K S S
S K K K S S K S S K
K S S S S K S S K K
S S K S S K S S K S
K S S K S S S S K S
S K S S K K K S K S
S S S K K S S S K S

Datastel 2: gooi van 'n dobbelsteen

'n Ewekansige dobbelsteen is 200 keer gegooi en die waardes waarop die dobbelsteen land, is opgeneem. Die data is opgeneem in "Datastel 2: Gooi van 'n Dobbelsteen" .

Resultate wanneer 'n ewekansige dobbelsteen 200 keer gegooi word
3 5 3 6 2 6 6 5 5 6 6 4 2 1 5 3 2 4 5 4
1 4 3 2 6 6 4 6 2 6 5 1 5 1 2 4 4 2 4 4
4 2 6 4 5 4 3 5 5 4 6 1 1 4 6 6 4 5 3 5
2 6 3 2 4 5 3 2 2 6 3 4 3 2 6 4 5 2 1 5
5 4 1 3 1 3 5 1 3 6 5 3 4 3 4 5 1 2 1 2
1 3 2 3 6 3 1 6 3 6 6 1 4 5 2 2 6 3 5 3
1 1 6 4 5 1 6 5 3 2 6 2 3 2 5 6 3 5 5 6
2 6 6 3 5 4 1 4 5 1 4 1 3 4 3 6 2 4 3 6
6 1 1 2 4 5 2 5 3 4 3 4 5 3 3 3 1 1 4 3
5 2 1 4 2 5 2 2 1 5 4 5 1 5 3 2 2 5 1 1

Datastel 3: massa van 'n brood

In Suid-Afrika is daar regulasies oor die vervaardiging van brood om verbruikers te beskerm. Hier is 'n uittreksel uit 'n verslag oor die wetgewing:

"Wetgewing vereis dat 'n brood 800g moet weeg indien dit nie gemerk is nie, met 'n speling van 5 persent bo en 10 persent onder hierdie massa. Die gemiddelde massa van 10 van hierdie brode moet egter presies die aangeduide massa wees." - Sunday Tribune op 10 Oktober 2004, bladsy 10.

Questions & Answers

A golfer on a fairway is 70 m away from the green, which sits below the level of the fairway by 20 m. If the golfer hits the ball at an angle of 40° with an initial speed of 20 m/s, how close to the green does she come?
Aislinn Reply
cm
tijani
what is titration
John Reply
what is physics
Siyaka Reply
A mouse of mass 200 g falls 100 m down a vertical mine shaft and lands at the bottom with a speed of 8.0 m/s. During its fall, how much work is done on the mouse by air resistance
Jude Reply
Can you compute that for me. Ty
Jude
what is the dimension formula of energy?
David Reply
what is viscosity?
David
what is inorganic
emma Reply
what is chemistry
Youesf Reply
what is inorganic
emma
Chemistry is a branch of science that deals with the study of matter,it composition,it structure and the changes it undergoes
Adjei
please, I'm a physics student and I need help in physics
Adjanou
chemistry could also be understood like the sexual attraction/repulsion of the male and female elements. the reaction varies depending on the energy differences of each given gender. + masculine -female.
Pedro
A ball is thrown straight up.it passes a 2.0m high window 7.50 m off the ground on it path up and takes 1.30 s to go past the window.what was the ball initial velocity
Krampah Reply
2. A sled plus passenger with total mass 50 kg is pulled 20 m across the snow (0.20) at constant velocity by a force directed 25° above the horizontal. Calculate (a) the work of the applied force, (b) the work of friction, and (c) the total work.
Sahid Reply
you have been hired as an espert witness in a court case involving an automobile accident. the accident involved car A of mass 1500kg which crashed into stationary car B of mass 1100kg. the driver of car A applied his brakes 15 m before he skidded and crashed into car B. after the collision, car A s
Samuel Reply
can someone explain to me, an ignorant high school student, why the trend of the graph doesn't follow the fact that the higher frequency a sound wave is, the more power it is, hence, making me think the phons output would follow this general trend?
Joseph Reply
Nevermind i just realied that the graph is the phons output for a person with normal hearing and not just the phons output of the sound waves power, I should read the entire thing next time
Joseph
Follow up question, does anyone know where I can find a graph that accuretly depicts the actual relative "power" output of sound over its frequency instead of just humans hearing
Joseph
"Generation of electrical energy from sound energy | IEEE Conference Publication | IEEE Xplore" ***ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7150687?reload=true
Ryan
what's motion
Maurice Reply
what are the types of wave
Maurice
answer
Magreth
progressive wave
Magreth
hello friend how are you
Muhammad Reply
fine, how about you?
Mohammed
hi
Mujahid
A string is 3.00 m long with a mass of 5.00 g. The string is held taut with a tension of 500.00 N applied to the string. A pulse is sent down the string. How long does it take the pulse to travel the 3.00 m of the string?
yasuo Reply
Who can show me the full solution in this problem?
Reofrir Reply
Got questions? Join the online conversation and get instant answers!
Jobilize.com Reply

Get Jobilize Job Search Mobile App in your pocket Now!

Get it on Google Play Download on the App Store Now




Source:  OpenStax, Siyavula textbooks: wiskunde (graad 10) [caps]. OpenStax CNX. Aug 04, 2011 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11328/1.4
Google Play and the Google Play logo are trademarks of Google Inc.

Notification Switch

Would you like to follow the 'Siyavula textbooks: wiskunde (graad 10) [caps]' conversation and receive update notifications?

Ask