3.1 World cloning policies  (Page 2/4)

Ecuador

• Embryonic stem cell research as well as therapeutic and reproductive cloning is banned.
• Research on human embryos (and therefore cloning) is prohibited as of June 1998.

Peru

• Embryonic stem cell research is not specifically prohibited, but therapeutic and reproductive cloning are banned.
• Fertilization of a human ovum with intent other than procreation is prohibited, as well as human cloning (General Health Law, 1997).

Uruguay

• Embryonic stem cell research and therapeutic cloning are not specifically prohibited, but reproductive cloning is.

Europe

Austria

• Embryonic stem cell research as well as therapeutic and reproductive cloning is banned.
• Reproductive medicine is acceptable only within stable heterosexual relationships for the purpose of reproduction. Embryos can be used only for implantation in the woman who has donated the oocytes , and for no other purposes. Donation of embryos or gametes is prohibited (Federal Law of 1992 Regulating Medically Assisted Procreation).

Belgium

• Embryonic stem cell research and therapeutic cloning are permitted, but reproductive cloning is banned as of May 2003.

Czech republic

• Embryonic stem cell research is permitted using lines created from unused IVF eggs.

Denmark

• Embryonic stem cell research is not specifically prohibited, but therapeutic and reproductive cloning and the funding of such activities are as of 2003.

Estonia

• Embryonic stem cell research is allowed, but reproductive and therapeutic cloning are banned.

Finland

• Embryonic stem cell research and therapeutic cloning are permitted, but reproductive cloning is banned.
• The act defines embryo as a fusion of gametes, so therapeutic cloning is permitted, but reproductive cloning is prohibited (Medical Research Act of 1999).

France

• Embryonic stem cell research is allowed, but therapeutic and reproductive cloning are banned.
• Research on human embryonic stem cells is now allowed until embryos are 6-8 days old. Embryos cannot be created specifically for research -- scientists must use existing embryos from IVF. Embryonic stem cell lines are typically imported from abroad.

Georgia

• Embryonic stem cell research is not specifically prohibited, but therapeutic and reproductive cloning are.
• Human cloning through the use of genetic engineering is prohibited (1997 Law on Health Care).

Germany

• Embryonic stem cell research is permitted, but all forms of cloning (reproductive and therapeutic) are banned.
• It is Illegal to create any new stem cell lines after December 2001.

Greece

• Embryonic stem cell research is permitted, but reproductive cloning is banned.

Hungary

• Embryonic stem cell research is not specifically prohibited, but reproductive and therapeutic cloning are.
• The national law (1997) does not explicitly address or prohibit embryonic stem cell research or therapeutic cloning.

Iceland

• Embryonic stem cell research is permitted using lines created from unused IVF eggs and for development or fertility research.
• Reproductive and therapeutic cloning are prohibited (Act on Artificial Fertilisation, 1996).

Ireland

• Embryonic stem cell research as well as therapeutic and reproductive cloning is banned.
• Human cloning is prohibited because the "right to life of an unborn child is equal to that of the mother" as stated in the Constitution of Ireland.