3.1 World cloning policies  (Page 3/4)

Italy

• Embryonic stem cell research, as well as therapeutic and reproductive cloning are banned.

Latvia

• Embryonic stem cell research is permitted, but therapeutic and reproductive cloning are prohibited, as of the 2002 Law on Sexual and Reproductive Health.

Lithuania

• Embryonic stem cell research as well as therapeutic and reproductive cloning are prohibited.
• Human embryos may be subjects only of clinical observations (non-invasive investigations).

The netherlands

• Embryonic stem cell research is permitted, but all forms of cloning (reproductive and therapeutic) are banned.
• There is a five year moratorium (ending in 2007) prohibiting therapeutic cloning.

Norway

• Embryonic stem cell research, as well as therapeutic and reproductive cloning is banned.
• Research on embryos and the use of techniques aimed at the production of genetically identical individuals is prohibited (The Medical Use of Biotechnology, 1995).

Poland

• Human reproductive cloning and embryonic research are specifically prohibited.
• Human embryos may not be used for non-therapeutic research.

Portugal

• Embryonic stem cell research is permitted, but reproductive cloning is banned and therapeutic cloning is implicitly prohibited.
• The law states that the cloning of human beings is prohibited (National Council of Ethics for the Life Sciences, 1997).

Russian federation

• Embryonic stem cell research is not specifically prohibited, but therapeutic and reproductive cloning are.
• For a five-year period starting in 2002, human cloning is prohibited, as well as the import and export of human cloned embryos (Law on Temporary Prohibition of Human Reproductive Cloning, 2002).

Slovakia

• Embryonic stem cell research as well as therapeutic and reproductive cloning are banned.

Slovenia

• Embryonic stem cell research is not specifically prohibited, but therapeutic and reproductive cloning are.
• Human cloning for reproductive and therapeutic purposes is prohibited by the Law on Medically Assisted Reproduction (2000) and the Penal Code (2002).

Spain

• Embryonic stem cell research is permitted, but reproductive and therapeutic cloning are banned.
• Any therapeutic intervention, investigation, or research activity in pre-embryos in vitro, pre-embryos, or embryos and fetuses in utero will be authorized only if it does not alter the genetic makeup of the embryo, and as long as it is not aimed at one particular individual or race-selection. Research on in vitro embryos is allowed with parental consent, after the embryos have been frozen for five years or more.

Sweden

• Embryonic stem cell research and therapeutic cloning are permitted, but reproductive cloning is banned. (Act 1991/115 and Government Bill 2003/04:148)

Switzerland

• Embryonic stem cell research is allowed on excess stocks of embryos produced naturally for artificial insemination.
• Therapeutic and reproductive cloning are banned.

Turkey

• Embryonic stem cell research is not specifically prohibited.
• Therapeutic cloning is allowed, but reproductive cloning is not (as of 1996).

Ukraine

• Embryonic stem cell research and therapeutic cloning are not specifically permitted, but reproductive cloning is banned.