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I do plan to cover many of the remaining items in the list in Appendix A one or more times in this collection of modules but not necessarily in the order given.

This is a work in process, covering a wealth of knowledge, which I will be updating in upcoming months and possibly even years.

Text based vs. drag-and-drop vs. popup programming

Text-based programming

Historically, computer programs have been written by typing text on a computer keyboard, and that remains true even today for mainstream programming.That is what I mean when I refer to text-based programming.

However, in recent years, two alternative ways to create computer code have become popular:

  • Drag-and-drop programming
  • Popup programming

Drag-and-drop programming

As of May 2013, this form of programming is primarily used in environments that are designed for teaching programming concepts. Drag-and-drop programminghasn't yet made its way into mainstream programming. However, that may be about to change (see MIT App Inventor and Google blockly for example) .

The two primary players in the educational drag-and-drop programming field are Scratch and Alice , but they are not alone. Several other players are also on the scene (see Snap! and Tynker for example) .

The primary advantage of drag-and-drop programming is that it eliminates the requirement to memorize complex programming syntax and allows the programmer toconcentrate on the concepts. Most of the work is done by dragging visual images of blocks (containing program code) from a tool box and assembling them into a program. Very little keyboard work is required, which in turn greatly reducesthe likelihood of spelling and syntax errors.

Given the current popularity of touch screens and the disdain for keyboards, I see a bright future for drag-and-drop programming within the next ten years,even for large scale commercial applications. MIT App Inventor and blockly are leading the charge in that regard.

Popup programming is a supplement to text-based programming and is not intended for educational use. Instead, it is intended to make mainstreamprogrammers more productive by reducing the amount of typing required.

Many different forms exist, but they generally take on the form of a popup menu that appears at certain critical times to allow the programmer to selectcode from a menu as an alternative to typing the code.

One form of popup programming is code completion . With code completion, the Integrated Development Environment (IDE) examines the first few characters typed by the programmer and makes an educated guess as to theremaining required characters, which the programmer can either accept or reject.

Scratch

I suspect that the all time most successful self-study programming environment for beginners is Scratch . This is probably the result of three factors:

  • Scratch makes it easy to get started programming
  • Scratch is engaging for today's fast-paced multimedia generation
  • Scratch provides a monitored online social network that allows interaction among beginners with a commoninterest.

Questions & Answers

A golfer on a fairway is 70 m away from the green, which sits below the level of the fairway by 20 m. If the golfer hits the ball at an angle of 40° with an initial speed of 20 m/s, how close to the green does she come?
Aislinn Reply
cm
tijani
what is titration
John Reply
what is physics
Siyaka Reply
A mouse of mass 200 g falls 100 m down a vertical mine shaft and lands at the bottom with a speed of 8.0 m/s. During its fall, how much work is done on the mouse by air resistance
Jude Reply
Can you compute that for me. Ty
Jude
what is the dimension formula of energy?
David Reply
what is viscosity?
David
what is inorganic
emma Reply
what is chemistry
Youesf Reply
what is inorganic
emma
Chemistry is a branch of science that deals with the study of matter,it composition,it structure and the changes it undergoes
Adjei
please, I'm a physics student and I need help in physics
Adjanou
chemistry could also be understood like the sexual attraction/repulsion of the male and female elements. the reaction varies depending on the energy differences of each given gender. + masculine -female.
Pedro
A ball is thrown straight up.it passes a 2.0m high window 7.50 m off the ground on it path up and takes 1.30 s to go past the window.what was the ball initial velocity
Krampah Reply
2. A sled plus passenger with total mass 50 kg is pulled 20 m across the snow (0.20) at constant velocity by a force directed 25° above the horizontal. Calculate (a) the work of the applied force, (b) the work of friction, and (c) the total work.
Sahid Reply
you have been hired as an espert witness in a court case involving an automobile accident. the accident involved car A of mass 1500kg which crashed into stationary car B of mass 1100kg. the driver of car A applied his brakes 15 m before he skidded and crashed into car B. after the collision, car A s
Samuel Reply
can someone explain to me, an ignorant high school student, why the trend of the graph doesn't follow the fact that the higher frequency a sound wave is, the more power it is, hence, making me think the phons output would follow this general trend?
Joseph Reply
Nevermind i just realied that the graph is the phons output for a person with normal hearing and not just the phons output of the sound waves power, I should read the entire thing next time
Joseph
Follow up question, does anyone know where I can find a graph that accuretly depicts the actual relative "power" output of sound over its frequency instead of just humans hearing
Joseph
"Generation of electrical energy from sound energy | IEEE Conference Publication | IEEE Xplore" ***ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7150687?reload=true
Ryan
what's motion
Maurice Reply
what are the types of wave
Maurice
answer
Magreth
progressive wave
Magreth
hello friend how are you
Muhammad Reply
fine, how about you?
Mohammed
hi
Mujahid
A string is 3.00 m long with a mass of 5.00 g. The string is held taut with a tension of 500.00 N applied to the string. A pulse is sent down the string. How long does it take the pulse to travel the 3.00 m of the string?
yasuo Reply
Who can show me the full solution in this problem?
Reofrir Reply
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Source:  OpenStax, Teaching beginners to code. OpenStax CNX. May 27, 2013 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11498/1.20
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