3.2 Livingstone's contribution to making africa known  (Page 2/2)

• His weakend arm did not stop him in his later endeavours or caused him to hesitate when he had to cross full and crocodile-infested rivers.
• Do you think Livingstone behaved like a hero? Why do you think so?

What characteristic can we deduce from this?

When travelling to Luanda, Livingstone had to cross the territory of a hostile chieftain. This chieftain offered to let him cross his territory if he would leave behind one of his servants as a slave. Livingstone emphatically refused the deal.

• What motivated Livingstone’s decision?
• Would you have acted in the same way? Why?

c) The servants who eventually carried Livingstone's body to the coast for it to be taken to England risked their own lives by doing so. The chieftains of that region had strictly forbidden the transport of a corpse across their territories. Why would they have done this?

d) The next article explains Livingstone's attitude to the slave trade. He sent regular reports to England to bring this trade to the attention of the rest of the world.

Give a brief explanation of the causes and results of the slave trade.

THE SLAVE TRADE – A TRADE FROM HELL

“1859 – It is a beautiful country. I have come across the most beautiful villages every mile or less.”

“There was no sign of any human being for 120 miles. I have to tell the truth about this. The slave traders attack the villages and many people are captured. Thousands of people die from the wounds that they suffer during battles with the slave traders, or die in the famine that follows the destruction of their villages and harvests. To many people are dying unnecessarily in this search for slaves. It is evident that only one tenth of the slaves reach their destination. All the rest simply die . . ".

e) An assignment for you!

Write a short letter to a foreign newspaper giving your impression of David Livingstone as an explorer. (You may write a critical evaluation of his contribution!)

Use a clean sheet of paper, which you may treat to make it look old.

Assessment

Memorandum

Activity

(a) To spread Christianity

Later: - Passage from the centre of Africa to westcoast/eastcoast for trading purposes, making Africa accessible to missionaries, treatment of “fever”

• Acquire knowledge about the minerals and resources of Africa
• Try to bring an end to slavery
• Search for the sources of the large rivers: Zambezi, Congo, Nile

(c) superstition, safety risk

(d) Causes: money/business

Effects: Individuals/businesses capture slaves, slaves imprisoned in forts, exported overseas in ships, agreements with local chieftains to acquire slaves

• The following aspects also have relevance: freedom, cruelty, wars, human rights, labour, families, etc.

(e) The following (or any other) criteria can be used:

slavery, missionary work, trade, colonialism

OR

• Discuss his important journeys:
• First journey: Zambezi River (west coast), 1852 – 1856
• Second journey: Lake Nyasa (east coast), 1858 – 1859
• Third journey: River Nile (northwards) 1872 – 1873