15.1 Precipitation and dissolution  (Page 9/17)

Complete the changes in concentrations for each of the following reactions:

(a) $\begin{array}{ccc}\text{AgI}(s)⟶& {\text{Ag}}^{\text{+}}(aq)& +{\text{I}}^{\text{−}}(aq)\\ \\ & x& \_\_\_\_\_\end{array}$

(b) $\begin{array}{ccc}{\text{CaCO}}_3(s)⟶& {\text{Ca}}^{\text{2+}}(aq)+& {\text{CO}}_3{}^{\text{2−}}(aq)\\ \\ & \_\_\_\_& x\end{array}$

(c) $\begin{array}{ccc}\text{Mg}{(\text{OH})}_2(s)⟶& {\text{Mg}}^{\text{2+}}(aq)+& 2{\text{OH}}^{\text{−}}(aq)\\ \\ & x& \_\_\_\_\_\end{array}$

(d) $\begin{array}{ccc}{\text{Mg}}_3({\text{PO}}_4{)}_2(s)⟶& 3{\text{Mg}}^{\text{2+}}(aq)+& 2{\text{PO}}_4{}^{\text{3−}}(aq)\\ \\ & & x\_\_\_\_\_\end{array}$

(e) $\begin{array}{cccc}{\text{Ca}}_5({\text{PO}}_4{)}_3\text{OH}(s)⟶& 5{\text{Ca}}^{\text{2+}}(aq)+& 3{\text{PO}}_4{}^{\text{3−}}(aq)+& {\text{OH}}^{\text{−}}(aq)\\ \\ & \_\_\_\_\_& \_\_\_\_\_& x\end{array}$

Complete the changes in concentrations for each of the following reactions:

(a) $\begin{array}{ccc}{\text{BaSO}}_4(s)⟶& {\text{Ba}}^{\text{2+}}(aq)+& {\text{SO}}_4{}^{\text{2−}}(aq)\\ \\ & x& \_\_\_\_\_\end{array}$

(b) $\begin{array}{ccc}{\text{Ag}}_2{\text{SO}}_4(s)⟶& 2{\text{Ag}}^{\text{+}}(aq)+& {\text{SO}}_4{}^{\text{2−}}(aq)\\ \\ & \_\_\_\_\_& x\end{array}$

(c) $\begin{array}{ccc}\text{Al}{(\text{OH})}_3(s)⟶& {\text{Al}}^{\text{3+}}(aq)+& 3{\text{OH}}^{\text{−}}(aq)\\ \\ & x& \_\_\_\_\_\end{array}$

(d) $\begin{array}{cccc}\text{Pb}(\text{OH})\text{Cl}(s)⟶& {\text{Pb}}^{\text{2+}}(aq)+& {\text{OH}}^{\text{−}}(aq)+& {\text{Cl}}^{\text{−}}(aq)\\ \\ & \_\_\_\_\_& x& \_\_\_\_\_\end{array}$

(e) $\begin{array}{ccc}{\text{Ca}}_3({\text{AsO}}_4{)}_2(s)⟶& 3{\text{Ca}}^{\text{2+}}(aq)+& 2{\text{AsO}}_4{}^{\text{3−}}(aq)\\ \\ & 3x& \_\_\_\_\_\end{array}$

How do the concentrations of Ag ⁺ and ${\text{CrO}}_4{}^{\text{2−}}$ in a saturated solution above 1.0 g of solid Ag ₂ CrO ₄ change when 100 g of solid Ag ₂ CrO ₄ is added to the system? Explain.

How do the concentrations of Pb ²⁺ and S ^2– change when K ₂ S is added to a saturated solution of PbS?

What additional information do we need to answer the following question: How is the equilibrium of solid silver bromide with a saturated solution of its ions affected when the temperature is raised?

Which of the following slightly soluble compounds has a solubility greater than that calculated from its solubility product because of hydrolysis of the anion present: CoSO ₃ , CuI, PbCO ₃ , PbCl ₂ , Tl ₂ S, KClO ₄ ?