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- Calculus volume 3
- Vectors in space
- Vectors in the plane
Key concepts
- Vectors are used to represent quantities that have both magnitude and direction.
- We can add vectors by using the parallelogram method or the triangle method to find the sum. We can multiply a vector by a scalar to change its length or give it the opposite direction.
- Subtraction of vectors is defined in terms of adding the negative of the vector.
- A vector is written in component form as
- The magnitude of a vector is a scalar:
- A unit vector
has magnitude
and can be found by dividing a vector by its magnitude:
The standard unit vectors are
A vector
can be expressed in terms of the standard unit vectors as
- Vectors are often used in physics and engineering to represent forces and velocities, among other quantities.
For the following exercises, consider points
and
Determine the requested vectors and express each of them a. in component form and b. by using the standard unit vectors.
The vector
has initial point
and terminal point
that is on the
y -axis and above the initial point. Find the coordinates of terminal point
such that the magnitude of the vector
is
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The vector
has initial point
and terminal point
that is on the
x -axis and left of the initial point. Find the coordinates of terminal point
such that the magnitude of the vector
is
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For the following exercises, use the given vectors
and
- Determine the vector sum
and express it in both the component form and by using the standard unit vectors.
- Find the vector difference
and express it in both the component form and by using the standard unit vectors.
- Verify that the vectors
and
and, respectively,
and
satisfy the triangle inequality.
- Determine the vectors
and
Express the vectors in both the component form and by using standard unit vectors.
a.
b.
c. Answers will vary; d.
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Let
be a standard-position vector with terminal point
Let
be a vector with initial point
and terminal point
Find the magnitude of vector
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Let
be a standard-position vector with terminal point at
Let
be a vector with initial point
and terminal point
Find the magnitude of vector
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Source:
OpenStax, Calculus volume 3. OpenStax CNX. Feb 05, 2016 Download for free at http://legacy.cnx.org/content/col11966/1.2
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