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Adaptive interference (or noise) cancellers are widely used. An adaptive noise canceller adaptively filters a noise reference input to maximally match and subtract out noise or interference from the primary (signal plus noise) input.
Automatically eliminate unwanted interference in a signal.

The object is to subtract out as much of the noise as possible.

Engine noise cancellation in automobiles

The firewall attenuates and filters the noise reaching the listener's ear, so it is not the same as n k ' . There is also a delay due to acoustic propagation in the air. For maximal cancellation, an adaptive filteris thus needed to make n k ' as similar as possible to the delayed n k .

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What conditions must we impose upon the microphone locations for this to work? (Think causality and physics!)

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Analysis of the interference cancellor

k 2 s k n k y k 2 s k 2 2 s k n k y k n k y k 2 We assume s k , n k , and n k ' are zero-mean signals, and that s k is independent of n k and n k ' . Then s k n k y k s k n k y k 0 k 2 s k 2 n k y k 2 Since the input signal has no information about s k in it, minimizing k 2 can only affect the second term, which is the standard Wiener filtering problem, with solution W R n ' n ' P n n '

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Source:  OpenStax, Adaptive filters. OpenStax CNX. May 12, 2005 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col10280/1.1
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