The cell used an inert platinum wire for the cathode, so the cell notation is
The magnesium electrode is an
active electrode because it participates in the oxidation-reduction reaction.
Inert electrodes , like the platinum electrode in
[link] , do not participate in the oxidation-reduction reaction and are present so that current can flow through the cell. Platinum or gold generally make good inert electrodes because they are chemically unreactive.
Using cell notation
Consider a galvanic cell consisting of
Write the oxidation and reduction half-reactions and write the reaction using cell notation. Which reaction occurs at the anode? The cathode?
Solution
By inspection, Cr is oxidized when three electrons are lost to form Cr
3+ , and Cu
2+ is reduced as it gains two electrons to form Cu. Balancing the charge gives
Cell notation uses the simplest form of each of the equations, and starts with the reaction at the anode. No concentrations were specified so:
Oxidation occurs at the anode and reduction at the cathode.
Using Cell Notation
Consider a galvanic cell consisting of
Write the oxidation and reduction half-reactions and write the reaction using cell notation. Which reaction occurs at the anode? The cathode?
Solution
By inspection, Fe
2+ undergoes oxidation when one electron is lost to form Fe
3+ , and MnO
4− is reduced as it gains five electrons to form Mn
2+ . Balancing the charge gives
Cell notation uses the simplest form of each of the equations, and starts with the reaction at the anode. It is necessary to use an inert electrode, such as platinum, because there is no metal present to conduct the electrons from the anode to the cathode. No concentrations were specified so:
Oxidation occurs at the anode and reduction at the cathode.
Check your learning
Use cell notation to describe the galvanic cell where copper(II) ions are reduced to copper metal and zinc metal is oxidized to zinc ions.
Answer:
From the information given in the problem:
Using cell notation:
The oxidation of magnesium to magnesium ion occurs in the beaker on the left side in this apparatus; the reduction of hydrogen ions to hydrogen occurs in the beaker on the right. A nonreactive, or inert, platinum wire allows electrons from the left beaker to move into the right beaker. The overall reaction is:
which is represented in cell notation as:
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