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| 31. | Dalton's law | statement of the principle that a specific gas type in a mixture exerts its own pressure, as if that specific gas type was not part of a mixture of gases |
| 32. | dorsal respiratory group | (DRG) region of the medulla oblongata that stimulates the contraction of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles to induce inspiration |
| 33. | dorsum nasi | intermediate portion of the external nose that connects the bridge to the apex and is supported by the nasal bone |
| 34. | epiglottis | leaf-shaped piece of elastic cartilage that is a portion of the larynx that swings to close the trachea during swallowing |
| 35. | expiration | (also, exhalation) process that causes the air to leave the lungs |
| 36. | expiratory reserve volume | (ERV) amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal tidal exhalation |
| 37. | external nose | region of the nose that is easily visible to others |
| 38. | external respiration | gas exchange that occurs in the alveoli |
| 39. | fauces | portion of the posterior oral cavity that connects the oral cavity to the oropharynx |
| 40. | fibroelastic membrane | specialized membrane that connects the ends of the C-shape cartilage in the trachea; contains smooth muscle fibers |
| 41. | forced breathing | (also, hyperpnea) mode of breathing that occurs during exercise or by active thought that requires muscle contraction for both inspiration and expiration |
| 42. | foregut | endoderm of the embryo towards the head region |
| 43. | functional residual capacity | (FRC) sum of ERV and RV, which is the amount of air that remains in the lungs after a tidal expiration |
| 44. | glottis | opening between the vocal folds through which air passes when producing speech |
| 45. | Haldane effect | relationship between the partial pressure of oxygen and the affinity of hemoglobin for carbon dioxide |
| 46. | Henry's law | statement of the principle that the concentration of gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the solubility and partial pressure of that gas |
| 47. | hilum | concave structure on the mediastinal surface of the lungs where blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, nerves, and a bronchus enter the lung |
| 48. | hyperpnea | increased rate and depth of ventilation due to an increase in oxygen demand that does not significantly alter blood oxygen or carbon dioxide levels |
| 49. | hyperventilation | increased ventilation rate that leads to abnormally low blood carbon dioxide levels and high (alkaline) blood pH |
| 50. | inspiration | (also, inhalation) process that causes air to enter the lungs |
| 51. | inspiratory capacity | (IC) sum of the TV and IRV, which is the amount of air that can maximally be inhaled past a tidal expiration |
| 52. | inspiratory reserve volume | (IRV) amount of air that enters the lungs due to deep inhalation past the tidal volume |
| 53. | internal respiration | gas exchange that occurs at the level of body tissues |
| 54. | intra-alveolar pressure | (intrapulmonary pressure) pressure of the air within the alveoli |
| 55. | intrapleural pressure | pressure of the air within the pleural cavity |
| 56. | laryngeal prominence | region where the two lamina of the thyroid cartilage join, forming a protrusion known as 'Adam's apple' |
| 57. | laryngopharynx | portion of the pharynx bordered by the oropharynx superiorly and esophagus and trachea inferiorly; serves as a route for both air and food |
| 58. | laryngotracheal | bud forms from the lung bud, has a tracheal end and bulbous bronchial buds at the distal end |
| 59. | larynx | cartilaginous structure that produces the voice, prevents food and beverages from entering the trachea, and regulates the volume of air that enters and leaves the lungs |
| 60. | lingual tonsil | lymphoid tissue located at the base of the tongue |
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