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| 1. | absorption | passage of digested products from the intestinal lumen through mucosal cells and into the bloodstream or lacteals |
| 2. | accessory digestive organ | includes teeth, tongue, salivary glands, gallbladder, liver, and pancreas |
| 3. | accessory duct | (also, duct of Santorini) duct that runs from the pancreas into the duodenum |
| 4. | acinus | cluster of glandular epithelial cells in the pancreas that secretes pancreatic juice in the pancreas |
| 5. | alimentary canal | continuous muscular digestive tube that extends from the mouth to the anus |
| 6. | aminopeptidase | brush border enzyme that acts on proteins |
| 7. | anal canal | final segment of the large intestine |
| 8. | anal column | long fold of mucosa in the anal canal |
| 9. | anal sinus | recess between anal columns |
| 10. | appendix | (vermiform appendix) coiled tube attached to the cecum |
| 11. | ascending colon | first region of the colon |
| 12. | bacterial flora | bacteria in the large intestine |
| 13. | bile canaliculus | small duct between hepatocytes that collects bile |
| 14. | bile | alkaline solution produced by the liver and important for the emulsification of lipids |
| 15. | bilirubin | main bile pigment, which is responsible for the brown color of feces |
| 16. | bolus | mass of chewed food |
| 17. | brush border | fuzzy appearance of the small intestinal mucosa created by microvilli |
| 18. | cardia | (also, cardiac region) part of the stomach surrounding the cardiac orifice (esophageal hiatus) |
| 19. | cecum | pouch forming the beginning of the large intestine |
| 20. | cementum | bone-like tissue covering the root of a tooth |
| 21. | central vein | vein that receives blood from hepatic sinusoids |
| 22. | cephalic phase | (also, reflex phase) initial phase of gastric secretion that occurs before food enters the stomach |
| 23. | chemical digestion | enzymatic breakdown of food |
| 24. | chief cell | gastric gland cell that secretes pepsinogen |
| 25. | chylomicron | large lipid-transport compound made up of triglycerides, phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins |
| 26. | chyme | soupy liquid created when food is mixed with digestive juices |
| 27. | circular fold | (also, plica circulare) deep fold in the mucosa and submucosa of the small intestine |
| 28. | colon | part of the large intestine between the cecum and the rectum |
| 29. | common bile duct | structure formed by the union of the common hepatic duct and the gallbladder's cystic duct |
| 30. | common hepatic duct | duct formed by the merger of the two hepatic ducts |
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