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| 31. | corticospinal tract | connection between the cortex and the spinal cord responsible for generating movement |
| 32. | cupula | specialized structure within the base of a semicircular canal that bends the stereocilia of hair cells when the head rotates by way of the relative movement of the enclosed fluid |
| 33. | decussate | to cross the midline, as in fibers that project from one side of the body to the other |
| 34. | dorsal column system | ascending tract of the spinal cord associated with fine touch and proprioceptive sensations |
| 35. | dorsal stream | connections between cortical areas from the occipital to parietal lobes that are responsible for the perception of visual motion and guiding movement of the body in relation to that motion |
| 36. | encapsulated ending | configuration of a sensory receptor neuron with dendrites surrounded by specialized structures to aid in transduction of a particular type of sensation, such as the lamellated corpuscles in the deep dermis and subcutaneous tissue |
| 37. | equilibrium | sense of balance that includes sensations of position and movement of the head |
| 38. | executive functions | cognitive processes of the prefrontal cortex that lead to directing goal-directed behavior, which is a precursor to executing motor commands |
| 39. | external ear | structures on the lateral surface of the head, including the auricle and the ear canal back to the tympanic membrane |
| 40. | exteroceptor | sensory receptor that is positioned to interpret stimuli from the external environment, such as photoreceptors in the eye or somatosensory receptors in the skin |
| 41. | extraocular muscle | one of six muscles originating out of the bones of the orbit and inserting into the surface of the eye which are responsible for moving the eye |
| 42. | extrapyramidal system | pathways between the brain and spinal cord that are separate from the corticospinal tract and are responsible for modulating the movements generated through that primary pathway |
| 43. | fasciculus cuneatus | lateral division of the dorsal column system composed of fibers from sensory neurons in the upper body |
| 44. | fasciculus gracilis | medial division of the dorsal column system composed of fibers from sensory neurons in the lower body |
| 45. | fibrous tunic | outer layer of the eye primarily composed of connective tissue known as the sclera and cornea |
| 46. | fovea | exact center of the retina at which visual stimuli are focused for maximal acuity, where the retina is thinnest, at which there is nothing but photoreceptors |
| 47. | free nerve ending | configuration of a sensory receptor neuron with dendrites in the connective tissue of the organ, such as in the dermis of the skin, that are most often sensitive to chemical, thermal, and mechanical stimuli |
| 48. | frontal eye fields | area of the prefrontal cortex responsible for moving the eyes to attend to visual stimuli |
| 49. | general sense | any sensory system that is distributed throughout the body and incorporated into organs of multiple other systems, such as the walls of the digestive organs or the skin |
| 50. | gustation | sense of taste |
| 51. | gustatory | receptor cells sensory cells in the taste bud that transduce the chemical stimuli of gustation |
| 52. | hair cells | mechanoreceptor cells found in the inner ear that transduce stimuli for the senses of hearing and balance |
| 53. | incus | (also, anvil) ossicle of the middle ear that connects the malleus to the stapes |
| 54. | inferior colliculus | last structure in the auditory brainstem pathway that projects to the thalamus and superior colliculus |
| 55. | inferior oblique | extraocular muscle responsible for lateral rotation of the eye |
| 56. | inferior rectus | extraocular muscle responsible for looking down |
| 57. | inner ear | structure within the temporal bone that contains the sensory apparati of hearing and balance |
| 58. | inner segment | in the eye, the section of a photoreceptor that contains the nucleus and other major organelles for normal cellular functions |
| 59. | inner synaptic layer | layer in the retina where bipolar cells connect to RGCs |
| 60. | interaural intensity difference | cue used to aid sound localization in the horizontal plane that compares the relative loudness of sounds at the two ears, because the ear closer to the sound source will hear a slightly more intense sound |
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