1. |
alkaloid
|
substance, usually from a plant source, that is chemically basic with respect to pH and will stimulate
bitter receptors |
2. |
amacrine cell
|
type of cell in the retina that connects to the bipolar cells near the outer synaptic layer and provides
the basis for early image processing within the retina |
3. |
ampulla
|
in the ear, the structure at the base of a semicircular canal that contains the hair cells and cupula
for transduction of rotational movement of the head |
4. |
anosmia
|
loss of the sense of smell; usually the result of physical disruption of the first cranial nerve |
5. |
anterior corticospinal tract
|
division of the corticospinal pathway that travels through the ventral (anterior) column of the spinal
cord and controls axial musculature through the medial motor neurons in the ventral (anterior) horn |
6. |
aqueous humor
|
watery fluid that fills the anterior chamber containing the cornea, iris, ciliary body, and lens of the eye |
7. |
ascending pathway
|
fiber structure that relays sensory information from the periphery through the spinal cord and brain
stem to other structures of the brain |
8. |
association area
|
region of cortex connected to a primary sensory cortical area that further processes the information
to generate more complex sensory perceptions |
9. |
audition
|
sense of hearing |
10. |
auricle
|
fleshy external structure of the ear |
11. |
Betz cells
|
output cells of the primary motor cortex that cause musculature to move through synapses on cranial
and spinal motor neurons |
12. |
Broca's area
|
region of the frontal lobe associated with the motor commands necessary for speech production |
13. |
basilar membrane
|
in the ear, the floor of the cochlear duct on which the organ of Corti sits |
14. |
binocular depth cues
|
indications of the distance of visual stimuli on the basis of slight differences in the images projected
onto either retina |
15. |
bipolar cell
|
cell type in the retina that connects the photoreceptors to the RGCs |
16. |
capsaicin
|
molecule that activates nociceptors by interacting with a temperature-sensitive ion channel and is
the basis for "hot" sensations in spicy food |
17. |
cerebral peduncles
|
segments of the descending motor pathway that make up the white matter of the ventral midbrain |
18. |
cervical enlargement
|
region of the ventral (anterior) horn of the spinal cord that has a larger population of motor neurons
for the greater number of and finer control of muscles of the upper limb |
19. |
chemoreceptor
|
sensory receptor cell that is sensitive to chemical stimuli, such as in taste, smell, or pain |
20. |
chief sensory nucleus
|
component of the trigeminal nuclei that is found in the pons |
21. |
choroid
|
highly vascular tissue in the wall of the eye that supplies the outer retina with blood |
22. |
ciliary body
|
smooth muscle structure on the interior surface of the iris that controls the shape of the lens through
the zonule fibers |
23. |
circadian rhythm
|
internal perception of the daily cycle of light and dark based on retinal activity related to sunlight |
24. |
cochlea
|
auditory portion of the inner ear containing structures to transduce sound stimuli |
25. |
cochlear duct
|
space within the auditory portion of the inner ear that contains the organ of Corti and is adjacent
to the scala tympani and scala vestibuli on either side |
26. |
cone photoreceptor
|
one of the two types of retinal receptor cell that is specialized for color vision through the use of
three photopigments distributed through three separate populations of cells |
27. |
contralateral
|
word meaning "on the opposite side," as in axons that cross the midline in a fiber tract |
28. |
cornea
|
fibrous covering of the anterior region of the eye that is transparent so that light can pass through it |
29. |
corneal reflex
|
protective response to stimulation of the cornea causing contraction of the orbicularis oculi muscle
resulting in blinking of the eye |
30. |
corticobulbar tract
|
connection between the cortex and the brain stem responsible for generating movement |