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| 1. | active immunity | immunity developed from an individual's own immune system |
| 2. | acute inflammation | inflammation occurring for a limited time period; rapidly developing |
| 3. | adaptive immune response | relatively slow but very specific and effective immune response controlled by lymphocytes |
| 4. | afferent lymphatic vessels | lead into a lymph node |
| 5. | antibody | antigen-specific protein secreted by plasma cells; immunoglobulin |
| 6. | antigen presentation | binding of processed antigen to the protein-binding cleft of a major histocompatibility complex molecule |
| 7. | antigen processing | internalization and digestion of antigen in an antigen-presenting cell |
| 8. | antigen receptor | two-chain receptor by which lymphocytes recognize antigen |
| 9. | antigen | molecule recognized by the receptors of B and T lymphocytes |
| 10. | antigenic determinant | (also, epitope) one of the chemical groups recognized by a single type of lymphocyte antigen receptor |
| 11. | B cells | lymphocytes that act by differentiating into an antibody-secreting plasma cell |
| 12. | barrier defenses | antipathogen defenses deriving from a barrier that physically prevents pathogens from entering the body to establish an infection |
| 13. | bone marrow | tissue found inside bones; the site of all blood cell differentiation and maturation of B lymphocytes |
| 14. | bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue | (BALT) lymphoid nodule associated with the respiratory tract |
| 15. | central tolerance | B cell tolerance induced in immature B cells of the bone marrow |
| 16. | chemokine | soluble, long-range, cell-to-cell communication molecule |
| 17. | chronic inflammation | inflammation occurring for long periods of time |
| 18. | chyle | lipid-rich lymph inside the lymphatic capillaries of the small intestine |
| 19. | cisterna chyli | bag-like vessel that forms the beginning of the thoracic duct |
| 20. | class switching | ability of B cells to change the class of antibody they produce without altering the specificity for antigen |
| 21. | clonal anergy | process whereby B cells that react to soluble antigens in bone marrow are made nonfunctional |
| 22. | clonal deletion | removal of self-reactive B cells by inducing apoptosis |
| 23. | clonal expansion | growth of a clone of selected lymphocytes |
| 24. | clonal selection | stimulating growth of lymphocytes that have specific receptors |
| 25. | clone | group of lymphocytes sharing the same antigen receptor |
| 26. | complement | enzymatic cascade of constitutive blood proteins that have antipathogen effects, including the direct killing of bacteria |
| 27. | constant region domain | part of a lymphocyte antigen receptor that does not vary much between different receptor types |
| 28. | cytokine | soluble, short-range, cell-to-cell communication molecule |
| 29. | cytotoxic T cells | (Tc) T lymphocytes with the ability to induce apoptosis in target cells |
| 30. | delayed hypersensitivity | (type IV) T cell-mediated immune response against pathogens infiltrating interstitial tissues, causing cellular infiltrate |
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