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| 61. | receptive aphasia | loss of the ability to understand received language, such as what is spoken to the subject or given in written form |
| 62. | red nucleus | nucleus in the midbrain that receives output from the cerebellum and projects onto the spinal cord in the rubrospinal tract |
| 63. | retrograde amnesia | loss of memories before a particular event |
| 64. | rubrospinal tract | descending tract from the red nucleus of the midbrain that results in modification of ongoing motor programs |
| 65. | Snellen chart | standardized arrangement of letters in decreasing size presented to a subject at a distance of 20 feet to test visual acuity |
| 66. | saccade | small, rapid movement of the eyes used to locate and direct the fovea onto visual stimuli |
| 67. | sensorineural | hearing hearing dependent on the transduction and propagation of auditory information through the neural components of the peripheral auditory structures |
| 68. | sensory exam | major section of the neurological exam that assesses sensory functions of the spinal cord and spinal nerves |
| 69. | short-term memory | capacity to retain information actively in the brain for a brief period of time |
| 70. | spasticity | increased contraction of a muscle in response to resistance, often resulting in hyperflexia |
| 71. | spinocerebellar tract | ascending fibers that carry proprioceptive input to the cerebellum used in maintaining balance and coordinated movement |
| 72. | spinocerebellum | midline region of the cerebellum known as the vermis that receives proprioceptive input from the spinal cord |
| 73. | stereognosis | perception of common objects placed in the hand solely on the basis of manipulation of that object in the hand |
| 74. | stroke | (also, cerebrovascular accident (CVA)) loss of neurological function caused by an interruption of blood flow to a region of the central nervous system |
| 75. | superficial reflex | reflexive contraction initiated by gentle stimulation of the skin |
| 76. | superior cerebellar peduncle | (SCP) white-matter tract representing output of the cerebellum to the red nucleus of the midbrain |
| 77. | transient ischemic attack | (TIA) temporary disruption of blood flow to the brain in which symptoms occur rapidly but last only a short time |
| 78. | vermis | prominent ridge along the midline of the cerebellum that is referred to as the spinocerebellum |
| 79. | vestibulo-ocular reflex | (VOR) reflex based on connections between the vestibular system and the cranial nerves of eye movements that ensures that images are stabilized on the retina as the head and body move |
| 80. | vestibulocerebellum | flocculonodular lobe of the cerebellum named for the vestibular input from the eighth cranial nerve |
| 81. | Weber test | use of a tuning fork to test the laterality of hearing loss by placing it at several locations on the midline of the skull |
| 82. | Wernicke's area | region at the posterior end of the lateral sulcus in which speech comprehension is localized |
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