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| 61. | kinetochore | region of a centromere where microtubules attach to a pair of sister chromatids |
| 62. | ligand | molecule that binds with specificity to a specific receptor molecule |
| 63. | lysosome | membrane-bound cellular organelle originating from the Golgi apparatus and containing digestive enzymes |
| 64. | messenger RNA (mRNA) | nucleotide molecule that serves as an intermediate in the genetic code between DNA and protein |
| 65. | metaphase plate | linear alignment of sister chromatids in the center of the cell, which takes place during metaphase |
| 66. | metaphase | second stage of mitosis (and meiosis), characterized by the linear alignment of sister chromatids in the center of the cell |
| 67. | microfilament | the thinnest of the cytoskeletal filaments; composed of actin subunits that function in muscle contraction and cellular structural support |
| 68. | microtubule | the thickest of the cytoskeletal filaments, composed of tubulin subunits that function in cellular movement and structural support |
| 69. | mitochondrion | one of the cellular organelles bound by a double lipid bilayer that function primarily in the production of cellular energy (ATP) |
| 70. | mitosis | division of genetic material, during which the cell nucleus breaks down and two new, fully functional, nuclei are formed |
| 71. | mitotic phase | phase of the cell cycle in which a cell undergoes mitosis |
| 72. | mitotic spindle | network of microtubules, originating from centrioles, that arranges and pulls apart chromosomes during mitosis |
| 73. | multipotent | describes the condition of being able to differentiate into different types of cells within a given cell lineage or small number of lineages, such as a red blood cell or white blood cell |
| 74. | mutation | change in the nucleotide sequence in a gene within a cell's DNA |
| 75. | nuclear envelope | membrane that surrounds the nucleus; consisting of a double lipid-bilayer |
| 76. | nuclear pore | one of the small, protein-lined openings found scattered throughout the nuclear envelope |
| 77. | nucleolus | small region of the nucleus that functions in ribosome synthesis |
| 78. | nucleosome | unit of chromatin consisting of a DNA strand wrapped around histone proteins |
| 79. | nucleus | cell's central organelle; contains the cell's DNA |
| 80. | oligopotent | describes the condition of being more specialized than multipotency; the condition of being able to differentiate into one of a few possible cell types |
| 81. | organelle | any of several different types of membrane-enclosed specialized structures in the cell that perform specific functions for the cell |
| 82. | osmosis | diffusion of molecules down their concentration across a selectively permeable membrane |
| 83. | passive transport | form of transport across the cell membrane that does not require input of cellular energy |
| 84. | peripheral protein | membrane-associated protein that does not span the width of the lipid bilayer, but is attached peripherally to integral proteins, membrane lipids, or other components of the membrane |
| 85. | peroxisome | membrane-bound organelle that contains enzymes primarily responsible for detoxifying harmful substances |
| 86. | phagocytosis | endocytosis of large particles |
| 87. | pinocytosis | endocytosis of fluid |
| 88. | pluripotent | describes the condition of being able to differentiate into a large variety of cell types |
| 89. | polypeptide | chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds |
| 90. | polyribosome | simultaneous translation of a single mRNA transcript by multiple ribosomes |
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