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| 31. | endocytosis | import of material into the cell by formation of a membrane-bound vesicle |
| 32. | endoplasmic reticulum (ER) | cellular organelle that consists of interconnected membrane-bound tubules, which may or may not be associated with ribosomes (rough type or smooth type, respectively) |
| 33. | exocytosis | export of a substance out of a cell by formation of a membrane-bound vesicle |
| 34. | exon | one of the coding regions of an mRNA molecule that remain after splicing |
| 35. | extracellular fluid (ECF) | fluid exterior to cells; includes the interstitial fluid, blood plasma, and fluid found in other reservoirs in the body |
| 36. | facilitated diffusion | diffusion of a substance with the aid of a membrane protein |
| 37. | flagellum | appendage on certain cells formed by microtubules and modified for movement |
| 38. | G0 phase | phase of the cell cycle, usually entered from the G1 phase; characterized by long or permanent periods where the cell does not move forward into the DNA synthesis phase |
| 39. | G1 phase | first phase of the cell cycle, after a new cell is born |
| 40. | G2 phase | third phase of the cell cycle, after the DNA synthesis phase |
| 41. | Golgi apparatus | cellular organelle formed by a series of flattened, membrane-bound sacs that functions in protein modification, tagging, packaging, and transport |
| 42. | gene expression | active interpretation of the information coded in a gene to produce a functional gene product |
| 43. | gene | functional length of DNA that provides the genetic information necessary to build a protein |
| 44. | genome | entire complement of an organism's DNA; found within virtually every cell |
| 45. | glycocalyx | coating of sugar molecules that surrounds the cell membrane |
| 46. | glycoprotein | protein that has one or more carbohydrates attached |
| 47. | helicase | enzyme that functions to separate the two DNA strands of a double helix during DNA replication |
| 48. | histone | family of proteins that associate with DNA in the nucleus to form chromatin |
| 49. | homologous | describes two copies of the same chromosome (not identical), one inherited from each parent |
| 50. | hydrophilic | describes a substance or structure attracted to water |
| 51. | hydrophobic | describes a substance or structure repelled by water |
| 52. | hypertonic | describes a solution concentration that is higher than a reference concentration |
| 53. | hypotonic | describes a solution concentration that is lower than a reference concentration |
| 54. | integral protein | membrane-associated protein that spans the entire width of the lipid bilayer |
| 55. | intermediate filament | type of cytoskeletal filament made of keratin, characterized by an intermediate thickness, and playing a role in resisting cellular tension |
| 56. | interphase | entire life cycle of a cell, excluding mitosis |
| 57. | interstitial fluid (IF) | fluid in the small spaces between cells not contained within blood vessels |
| 58. | intracellular fluid (ICF) | fluid in the cytosol of cells |
| 59. | intron | non-coding regions of a pre-mRNA transcript that may be removed during splicing |
| 60. | isotonic | describes a solution concentration that is the same as a reference concentration |
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