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| 1. | articular cartilage | thin layer of cartilage covering an epiphysis; reduces friction and acts as a shock absorber |
| 2. | articulation | where two bone surfaces meet |
| 3. | bone | hard, dense connective tissue that forms the structural elements of the skeleton |
| 4. | canaliculi | (singular: canaliculus) channels within the bone matrix that house one of an osteocyte's many cytoplasmic extensions that it uses to communicate and receive nutrients |
| 5. | cartilage | semi-rigid connective tissue found on the skeleton in areas where flexibility and smooth surfaces support movement |
| 6. | central canal | longitudinal channel in the center of each osteon; contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels; also known as the Haversian canal |
| 7. | closed reduction | manual manipulation of a broken bone to set it into its natural position without surgery |
| 8. | compact bone | dense osseous tissue that can withstand compressive forces |
| 9. | diaphysis | tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of a long bone |
| 10. | diplo | layer of spongy bone, that is sandwiched between two the layers of compact bone found in flat bones |
| 11. | endochondral ossification | process in which bone forms by replacing hyaline cartilage |
| 12. | endosteum | delicate membranous lining of a bone's medullary cavity |
| 13. | epiphyseal line | completely ossified remnant of the epiphyseal plate |
| 14. | epiphyseal plate | (also, growth plate) sheet of hyaline cartilage in the metaphysis of an immature bone; replaced by bone tissue as the organ grows in length |
| 15. | epiphysis | wide section at each end of a long bone; filled with spongy bone and red marrow |
| 16. | external callus | collar of hyaline cartilage and bone that forms around the outside of a fracture |
| 17. | flat bone | thin and curved bone; serves as a point of attachment for muscles and protects internal organs |
| 18. | fracture hematoma | blood clot that forms at the site of a broken bone |
| 19. | fracture | broken bone |
| 20. | hematopoiesis | production of blood cells, which occurs in the red marrow of the bones |
| 21. | hypercalcemia | condition characterized by abnormally high levels of calcium |
| 22. | hypocalcemia | condition characterized by abnormally low levels of calcium |
| 23. | internal callus | fibrocartilaginous matrix, in the endosteal region, between the two ends of a broken bone |
| 24. | intramembranous ossification | process by which bone forms directly from mesenchymal tissue |
| 25. | irregular bone | bone of complex shape; protects internal organs from compressive forces |
| 26. | lacunae | (singular: lacuna) spaces in a bone that house an osteocyte |
| 27. | medullary cavity | hollow region of the diaphysis; filled with yellow marrow |
| 28. | modeling | process, during bone growth, by which bone is resorbed on one surface of a bone and deposited on another |
| 29. | nutrient foramen | small opening in the middle of the external surface of the diaphysis, through which an artery enters the bone to provide nourishment |
| 30. | open reduction | surgical exposure of a bone to reset a fracture |
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