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Card 3 / 5:
When muscle cells run out of oxygen, what happens to the potential for energy extraction from sugars and what pathways do the cell use?
Without oxygen, the transition, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain stop, so ATP is no longer generated through this mechanism, which extracts the greatest amount of energy from a sugar molecule. In addition, NADH accumulates, preventing glycolysis from going forward because of an absence of NAD + . Lactic acid fermentation uses the electrons in NADH to generate lactic acid from pyruvate, which allows glycolysis to continue and thus a smaller amount of ATP can be generated by the cell (2 versus 38 ATP per glucose).
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